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Par Frawsy le 2 Novembre 2013 à 16:26
Le Mur de Berlin - 2
A German women hangs clothing out to dry on a line strung between a tree and the Berlin Wall, Germany, November 13, 1963 (Photo by Express Newspapers/Getty Images).
Two men open a hollow metal drum used by three West German men to bring their girlfriends over the border from East Berlin, Germany, 1965. (Photo by Express Newspapers/Getty Images)
Sightseers climb onto a bus to look at the newly-built Berlin Wall. (Photo by Keystone/Getty Images). 1964
Officers inspecting the damage to the Berlin Wall, East Germany, and making preparations for its repair, after an East German rammed the Wall with an army car and successfully escaped. (Photo by Keystone/Getty Images). 1963
A barricade erected by the East German authorities to strengthen the existing barriers dividing East and West Berlin. (Photo by Central Press/Getty Images). 22nd November 1961
Barbed wire in front of the Brandenburg Gate. The sign warns that if you pass this point you are leaving West Berlin. (Photo by John Waterman/Fox Photos/Getty Images). Circa 1962
Two West Berlin policemen with their new American rapid fire rifles on duty with a snowman on Christmas Day in front of the Berlin Wall at the Brandenburg Gate. (Photo by Keystone/Getty Images). 25th December 1961
British troops ready for action in case of trouble at the East & West German border, near the Brandenburg Tor in Berlin. (Photo by Keystone/Getty Images). October 1961
Edmond Kayat of the Lebanon carrying an 80lb cross to demand “Consideration for Humanity” being turned back by the Volkspolizei at the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin. He is attempting to travel through East Germany after crossing through Switzerland and West Germany. (Photo by Keystone/Getty Images). 5th October 1961
West German police arrest a young man, one of the angry crowd throwing stones at a bus full of Soviet guards making their way to the Soviet War Memorial, 20th August 1962. The crowd were incensed by the death of 18-year-old Peter Fechter, who was shot while trying to cross the Berlin Wall a few days earlier. (Photo by Central Press/Hulton Archive/Getty Images)
A loudspeaker van from the West Berlin organisation SAS (Studio am Stacheldraht or Studio at the Barbed Wire) arrives at the Berlin Wall where a new section is being built, 23rd July 1962. Shortly after this, an East German police car turned up, blasting music and Communist propaganda from its loudspeakers. (Photo by Keystone/Hulton Archive/Getty Images)
A view from the east of Berliners gathered on the Berlin Wall to celebrate the New Year and the effective end of the city's partition, 31st December 1989. A banner reads “Good luck and peace for a new Germany – East Greets West”. (Photo by Steve Eason/Hulton Archive/Getty Images)
A little girl chisels away at the Berlin Wall from the east side on New Year's Eve, 31st December 1989. (Photo by Steve Eason/Hulton Archive/Getty Images)
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Par Frawsy le 2 Novembre 2013 à 16:21
Guerre de la Corée
25 juin 1950 - 27 juillet 1953
La guerre de Corée a lieu du 25 juin 1950 au 27 juillet 1953 entre le République de Corée (Corée du Sud), soutenue par les Nations Unies, et la République populaire démocratique de Corée (Corée du Nord), soutenue par la République populaire de Chine et l'Union soviétique. Elle résulte de la division de la Corée (en) suite à un accord entre les Alliés victorieux de la guerre du Pacifique à la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. La péninsule coréenne était occupée par l'empire du Japon depuis 1910. Après la reddition du Japon en septembre 1945, les États-Unis divisèrent la péninsule le long du 38e parallèle, avec au sud des forces américaines d'occupation et au nord des forces soviétiques.
L'échec de tenue d'élections libres dans la péninsule en 1948 aggrava la division entre les deux côtés ; le Nord établit un gouvernement communisme, tandis que le Sud établit un gouvernement capitaliste. Le 38e parallèle devint une frontière politique entre les deux États coréens. Bien que les négociations pour la réunification continuèrent dans les mois précédant la guerre, les tensions s'intensifièrent. Des escarmouches et des raids inter-frontaliers persistèrent. La situation se transforma en guerre ouverte lorsque des forces du Nord envahirent le Sud le 25 juin 1950. En 1950, l'Union soviétique boycotta le conseil de sécurité des Nations Unies. En l'absence d'un veto de l'Union soviétique, les États-Unis et d'autres pays passèrent une résolution autorisant une intervention miliaire en Corée.
Les États-Unis fournirent 88% des 341 000 soldats internationaux qui aidèrent les forces du Sud, complété par l'assistance de vingt autres pays. Accusant de lourdes pertes durant les deux premiers mois, les forces du Sud durent se replier sur le périmètre de Busan. Une rapide contre-offensive de l'ONU repoussa les Nord-Coréens au-delà du 38e parallèle, presque jusqu'au fleuve Yalou, quand la République populaire de Chine entra en guerre du côté de la Corée du Nord. L'intervention chinoise força les forces alliées au Sud à se replier derrière le 38e parallèle. Alors qu'elle n'amena pas directement de troupes sur le terrain, l'Union soviétique fournit de l'aide matérielle aux armées chinoise et nord-coréenne. Le conflit prit fin le 27 juillet 1953, lorsqu'un armistice fut signé. L'accord restaurait la frontière entre les Corées près du 38e parallèle et créait la zone coréenne démilitarisée, une zone tampon fortifiée entre les deux nations coréennes. Des incidents mineurs continuent de se produire encore aujourd'hui.
Du point de vue militaire, la guerre de Corée combine les stratégies et tactiques des deux guerres mondiales : elle commence par une rapide campagne offensive d'infanterie suivie par des bombardements aériens, mais devint une guerre statique à partir de juillet 1951.
A North Korean prisoner of war awaits his fate. (Photo by Keystone/Getty Images). 1950
Korean war refugees in the Inchon area, coming in to the US contingent of the United Nation's Forces for aid. (Photo by Picture Post/Getty Images). 1950
South Korean political prisoners in Pusan, during the Korean War. (Photo by Bert Hardy/Getty Images). 1950
An American soldier from South Carolina reports from a field post “somewhere in Korea”, where the Southern Koreans and forces of the United States are battling against the Communists from the North. (Photo by Keystone/Getty Images). 1952
A severely wounded Korean soldier smoking a cigarette in the grounds of an advance casualty cleaning unit. (Photo by Haywood Magee/Getty Images). 1950
An American soldier relaxes by taking a footbath in a spare helmet whilst reading a magazine, during the Korean War. (Photo by Keystone/Getty Images). 1950
A dramatic shot of 155mm Howitzer fire during night action in the Korean War. (Photo by Keystone/Getty Images). 1952
An American soldier patrolling the streets of Inchon after the capture of this key port during the Korean war, is watched by a young Korean child. (Photo by Bert Hardy/Getty Images). 1950
Suspected Communists captured near the lines are brought in for questioning, and later released during the Korean War. (Photo by Keystone/Getty Images). 1950
A South Korean soldier on guard at Taegu mission school, which served as a POW camp during the Korean War. (Photo by Bert Hardy/Getty Images). 1950
US Marines of the UN invasion force which landed at Inchon in South Korea, advance inland during the Korean War. (Photo by Bert Hardy/Getty Images). 1950
A US Marine (of the 1st Marine Division) uses a flame-thrower to burn out positions which could conceal North Korean snipers during the Korean War. (Photo by Keystone/Getty Images). 1952
South Korean troops round up suspect communists after the American invasion at the port of Inchon. (Photo by Bert Hardy/Getty Images). 1950
Two soldiers, guns at the ready, keep watch for enemy advance in Korea. (Photo by Bert Hardy/Getty Images). 1950
A civilian casualty of the US bombardment of Inchon in South Korea during the Korean War. (Photo by Bert Hardy/Getty Images). 1950
American troops climbing down guide nets into assault craft in preparation for the first great counter-strike of the Korean campaign. (Photo by Bert Hardy/Getty Images). 1950
An American soldier relaxing on a heap of kit-bags, shortly after the invasion and capture of the Korean port of Inchon. (Photo by Bert Hardy/Getty Images). 1950
American troops walking down a road in Korea. (Photo by Picture Post/Getty Images). 1950
Residents of the Korean port of Inchon surrender to American troops. (Photo by Bert Hardy/Getty Images). 1950
A dead Korean soldier. (Photo by Bert Hardy/Getty Images). 1950
An American soldier helping a wounded Korean to drink. (Photo by Bert Hardy/Getty Images). 1950
South Korean Cavalry troops forming up in a street in Taegu, before being transported to the front. (Photo by Picture Post/Getty Images). 1950
The scene after North Korean police massacred 300 South Korean civilians at Changa-Pa. (Photo by Keystone/Getty Images). 1950
US troops being dropped from a Sikorsky HRS-1 helicopter near the Korean front line. (Photo by Keystone/Getty Images). 1952
Suspected South Korean traitors are herded into lorries on their way to execution – an incident that was later investigated by a United Nations observer. (Photo by Haywood Magee/Getty Images). 1950
A weary and dispirited survivor of a lost battalion during the Korean War. (Photo by Haywood Magee/Getty Images). 1950
South Korean troops in the streets of Inchon with guns at the ready, following the invasion of the town by United Nations forces. (Photo by Bert Hardy/Getty Images). 1950
An elderly woman and her grandchild wander among the debris of their wrecked home in the aftermath of an air raid by U.S. planes over Pyongyang, the Communist capital of North Korea. (Photo by Keystone/Getty Images). Circa 1950
An American soldier taking a chinese communist prisoner during the Korean war. (Photo by Keystone/Getty Images). 1952
An exchange of prisoners between the United Nations and the Communists at Panmunjom, Korea. (Photo by Central Press/Getty Images). 11th August 1953
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Par Frawsy le 1 Novembre 2013 à 20:20
Les femmes durant la première Guerre Mondiale
A woman munitions worker welds at a work bench in an armaments factory, 1915. (Photo by Hulton Archive)
Women munitions workers in Paris, 1916. (Photo by Topical Press Agency)
Two women replace the traditionally male porters at Marylebone Station in London during the First World war. Original Publication: Illustrated London News, 1915. (Photo by Hulton Archive)
A parade of women ambulance drivers during World War I, November 1915. (Photo by Topical Press Agency)
Members of the Women's Fire Brigade with their Chief Officer, March 1916. (Photo by Topical Press Agency)
Women's Army recruits drilling. United Kingdom, 8th May 1917. (Photo by Topical Press Agency)
A woman shaping a steel knee splint at the Kensington War Hospital supply depot, November 1917. (Photo by Topical Press Agency)
A young woman in an armaments factory in WWI. United Kingdom, circa 1916. (Photo by Hulton Archive)
Women war workers march to Buckingham Palace in London. 29th June 1918. (Photo by A. R. Coster/Topical Press Agency)
Miss D. Milman of the Women's Service League outside 67 Warwick Square, 1918. (Photo by J. J. Lambe/Topical Press Agency)
Members of the Women's Royal Air Force arrive at Buckingham Palace, London, to attend a party for war workers. 25th July 1919. (Photo by Topical Press Agency)
A member of the Women Porters At Marylebone Station Group giving a Great Central Railways carriage a thorough clean, 1914. (Photo by Topical Press Agency)
A woman munitions worker operating a machine in an armaments factory during the First World War, circa 1915. (Photo by Hulton Archive)
A British recruitment poster urging women to work in the munitions factories as part of Britain's homefront during World War I, circa 1916. (Photo by Hulton Archive)
Women Navvies pushing loaded wheel barrows in Coventry during World War I, circa 1917. (Photo by Central Press)
The Women's Reserve of the British Army National Motor Volunteers being addressed by an officer, October 1916. 1st October 1916. (Photo by Hulton Archive)
Women war workers working in an engineering shop, 1917. (Photo by Hulton Archive)
Women munitions workers in a Vickers factory maing shell cases, January 1915. (Photo by Topical Press Agency)
A Woman working on an engine in an engineering shop, circa 1915. (Photo by Topical Press Agency)
Members of the Women's Fire Brigade on a fire drill with hoses and extingushers at full force, March 1916. (Photo by Topical Press Agency)
A member of the Women's land Army in WWI, circa 1916. (Photo by F. J. Mortimer)
Women pulling apart old ledgers as part of the London & South West Railway's scheme to recycle paper. 16th April 1917. (Photo by Topical Press Agency)
Women sorting paper for the London & South West Railway's scheme to clear out and recycle waste paper. United Kingdom, 16th April 1917. (Photo by Topical Press Agency)
A woman at work in an armaments factory, circa 1914. (Photo by Hulton Archive)
Women police appointed for duty at a munitions works trying on new boots. United Kingdom, 30th January 1917. (Photo by A. R. Coster/Topical Press Agency)
Young women from Lowell in Massachusetts team up to form America's first Women's Death Battalion during World War I, inspired by their Russian counterparts, circa 1917. In front of the armoury where they drill are Mary Tully, Nina Hosington, Blanche Chengnon, Marie Provencher and Agnes Kelley. (Photo by Topical Press Agency/Hulton Archive)
Women wait to ask about American Red Cross nursing positions in 1918. (Photo by Keystone View/FPG)
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Par Frawsy le 1 Novembre 2013 à 19:58
Le Mur de Berlin
Le mur de Berlin (en allemand Berliner Mauer), « mur de la honte » pour les Allemands de l'ouest et « mur de protection antifasciste » d'après la propagande est-allemande, est érigé en plein Berlin à partir de la nuit du 12 au 13 août 1961 par la République démocratique allemande (RDA), qui tente ainsi de mettre fin à l'exode croissant de ses habitants vers la République fédérale d'Allemagne (RFA). Le mur, composante de la frontière intérieure allemande, sépare physiquement la ville en Berlin-Est et Berlin-Ouest pendant plus de vingt-huit ans, et constitue le symbole le plus marquant d'une Europe divisée par le Rideau de fer. Plus qu'un simple mur, il s'agit d'un dispositif militaire complexe comportant deux murs de 3,6 mètres de haut4 avec chemin de ronde, 302 miradors et dispositifs d'alarme, 14 000 gardes, 600 chiens et des barbelés dressés vers le ciel. Un nombre indéterminé de personnes sont victimes des tentatives de franchissement du mur. Cependant, il apparait que les gardes-frontière est-allemands et les soldats soviétiques n'hésitent pas à tirer sur les fugitifs.
L'affaiblissement de l'Union soviétique, la perestroïka conduite par Mikhaïl Gorbatchev, et la détermination des Allemands de l'Est qui organisent de grandes manifestations, provoquent le 9 novembre 1989 la chute du « mur de la honte », suscitant l'admiration incrédule du « Monde libre » et ouvrant la voie à la réunification allemande. Presque totalement détruit, le Mur laisse cependant dans l'organisation urbaine de la capitale allemande des cicatrices qui ne sont toujours pas effacées aujourd'hui. Le mur de Berlin, symbole du clivage idéologique et politique de la guerre froide, a inspiré de nombreux livres et films. Aujourd'hui, plusieurs musées lui sont consacrés. Wikipedia
A boy stands on a coal scuttle to peer over the wall of a sports stadium in Berlin, 8th January 1951. (Photo by Keystone Features/Hulton Archive/Getty Images)
Boys bring buckets to stand on for a view over the wall of a sports stadium in Berlin, 8th January 1951. (Photo by Keystone Features/Hulton Archive/Getty Images)
West Berlin policemen and East German Volkspolizei face each other across the border in Berlin, circa 1955. (Photo by Three Lions/Hulton Archive/Getty Images)
Soviet tanks and troops at Checkpoint Charlie, a crossing point in the Berlin Wall between the American and Soviet sectors of the city at the junction of Friedrichstrasse, Zimmerstrasse and Mauerstrasse, February 1961. (Photo by Daily Express/Hulton Archive/Getty Images)
American tanks and troops at Checkpoint Charlie, a crossing point in the Berlin Wall between the American and Soviet sectors of the city at the junction of Friedrichstrasse, Zimmerstrasse and Mauerstrasse, February 1961. (Photo by Express Newspapers/Getty Images)
Two mothers can only wave to their children and grandchildren in the Soviet sector of Berlin from across the Berlin wall. (Photo by Keystone/Getty Images). 1961
On a day when the Berlin Wall is open, throngs of West Germans wait for friends and relatives to arrive from the Eastern sector. (Photo by Three Lions/Getty Images). 1960
Families and friends, once neighbours, now stand divided and wave across to each other over the Berlin wall. (Photo by Keystone/Getty Images). 1961
Two little girls in a West German street chat with their grandparents in the window of their home in the eastern zone, separated only by a barbed wire barricade. (Photo by Keystone/Getty Images). 14th August 1961
A citizen of East Berlin peers through barbed wire at a West Berliner over the Berlin Wall, Berlin, Germany, 1960s. The mass immigration of Germans from Communist Berlin to Western Berlin inspired East Germany military leader Erich Honeker to construct the blockade, a barricade of concrete walls, mine fields and guard posts that stretched for 100 miles. (Photo by Hulton Archive/Getty Images)
A woman is lowered from a window in Bernauer Strasse on a rope to escape into the western sector of Berlin after the post-war division of the city. (Photo by Keystone/Getty Images). 10th September 1961
Soldiers building the Berlin Wall as instructed by the East German authorities, in order to strengthen the existing barriers dividing East and West Berlin. (Photo by Keystone/Getty Images). 1961
Posters of Nikita Khrushchev, Walter Ulbricht, Wilhelm Pieck and the East German Premier Otto Grotewohl on an East Berlin Wall. (Photo by Keystone/Getty Images). 28th August 1961
Russian soldiers leaving the British sector march back into the East Sector, after laying wreaths on the Soviet monument in West Berlin on the 43rd anniversary of the Russian Revolution. The Brandenburg Gate is on the right. (Photo by Keystone/Getty Images). 7th November 1960
Soldiers outside the entrance to Berlin's Potsdamer Platz underground station next to a section of the Berlin Wall. (Photo by Central Press/Getty Images). Circa 1961
East German troops and police seal off the frontier between East and West Berlin with barbed-wire to control the flow of refugees. (Photo by Keystone/Getty Images). 15th August 1961
Walter Ulbricht (1893–1973) first Secretary of the Communist Party of East Germany and deputy Premier of the German Democratic Republic. He is reviewing workers, known as “Industry Combat Groups” who are building the Berlin Wall. (Photo by Keystone/Getty Images)
East German military personnel supervising construction of the Berlin Wall. (Photo by Central Press/Getty Images). August 1961
A tear gas grenade explodes next to an East German armoured car during riots on the first anniversary of the building of the Berlin Wall. (Photo by Keystone/Getty Images). Circa 1960
Dieter and Monika Marotz of Bernauerstrasse, Berlin, wave to relatives after their wedding, 8th September 1961. The newlyweds live in the western sector of Berlin, while their relatives living on the same street are in the Eastern sector and unable to attend the ceremony. (Photo by Keystone/Hulton Archive/Getty Images)
Relatives of newlyweds Dieter and Monika Marotz of Bernauerstrasse, Berlin, wave to the couple after their wedding, 8th September 1961. Although the Marotz's and their relatives live in the same street, their houses are in the western and eastern sectors, respectively, of the divided city, leaving them unable to be at the ceremony together. (Photo by Keystone/Hulton Archive/Getty Images)
Members of the Volkspolizei, the East German national police, check an elderly man's papers at the Berlin Wall, 11th September 1961. Only those whose houses are adjacent to the wall are allowed within 100 meters of it. (Photo by Keystone/Hulton Archive/Getty Images)
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Par Frawsy le 31 Octobre 2013 à 11:51
Un regard en arrière sur
Times Square, N.Y.
View of the intersection of Broadway and 42nd Streets, with a cigar store, horsedrawn carriages and advertisements, New York City, 1900. (Photo by Hulton Archive/Getty Images)
A car with wings and a propeller protruding from the radiator grille drives through Times Square, New York. The invention of A. H. Russell of Nutley, New Jersey. (Photo by Hulton Archive/Getty Images). 1924
Star and Isabelle Jones, of the famous theatrical Jones family, fencing on the edge of the roof of the skyscraper, Times Square Hotel. (Photo by Hulton Archive/Getty Images). Circa 1925
Looking towards the Times Building on Times Square, the Paramount Building is on the right, and Seventh Avenue on the left crossing Broadway. (Photo by General Photographic Agency/Getty Images). Circa 1930
Broadway looking towards Times Square in New York. (Photo by Fox Photos/Getty Images). 8th February 1934
Paramount Building in Times Square, New York, towers over Schenley's Chinese Restaurant. (Photo by Fox Photos/Getty Images). 1936
An overhead view of Times Square at night, New York City, New York, 1937. (Photo by Lass/Getty Images)
A view of the Planters Peanuts illuminated sign at the intersection of Broadway and 7th Avenue, Times Square, New York City, New York, circa 1940. (Photo by H. Bowden/Getty Images)
A military band and a Curtiss P-40 Army Pursuit plane in Duffy Square on the corner of Times Square in New York. The plane is part of an exhibition to encourage men to join the Army Air Corps. (Photo by Fox Photos/Getty Images). 10th April 1941
Crowds celebrate VE day in Times Square, New York. (Photo by Hulton Archive/Getty Images). 8th May 1945
A rear veiw of a soldier on crutches in a crowd in Times Square on VJ Day, New York City, August 1945. (Photo by Gabriel Hackett/Getty Images)
A pretzel vendor selling his wares from a wicker basket in the Times Square and Broadway area of New York. (Photo by Keystone Features/Getty Images). 1947
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